With the illustration of flies spoiling a perfumer’s ointment (v1), the preacher gives a very clear picture of how even a little folly (foolishness) can undermine wisdom. This remind sus how easy it is to be foolishly tripped up.

Foolishness is very different from wisdom (v2) and it is easily spotted out in public (v3). By contrast the calmness of the wise in adversity solves many problems (v4).

Fools can be found even in high places where people rule (v5-7). The place of someone in life doesn’t necessary reveal how wise they are. This reminds us never to be puffed up by a perceived position of honour.

We have some proverbs about the uncertainty of life (v8-11), but we’re reminded to do what we can to succeed (v10).

Fools use much words and much energy in life but as they are marked by foolishness it is not to their advantage, unlike the wise man (v12-15). Is God’s words saturating you, so as to control your words and actions so that in them you are wise and therefore fruitful?

Having wise leaders is very important (v16-20). Having the right leaders who do not live for self-indulgence is very important (v16-17).

It is a dangerous thing to criticise a king even in a private place as he will find out (v20). We must always guard our tongues, even in private.